What is RFID access control?

An RFID Access Control system is a security solution that employs Radio Frequency Identification technology to authenticate individuals wirelessly and regulate their entry and exit to secure locations. This method is contactless, serving as a substitute for conventional keys or mechanical locks.

The fundamental concept is straightforward:

• A distinct electronic code stored on a credential (such as a card or fob) is detected by a sensor (the reader), which subsequently interacts with a central system to either permit or restrict access according to established permissions.

Components of an RFID Access Control System

An RFID access control system is composed of four main interconnected elements:

1. RFID Credential (Tag/Transponder):

• • This is the item the user possesses (key card, fob, wristband).
  • It contains a microchip that stores a unique identification code and a tiny antenna.
  • Passive tags (most common for access) have no internal battery; they rely entirely on the reader’s signal for power.

1. RFID Reader (Interrogator):

• • This device is installed near the door or access point.
  • It constantly emits a radio frequency (RF) field through its antenna.
  • When an RFID tag enters this field, the reader powers the tag, receives its ID code, and transmits that data to the control panel.

1. Access Control Panel/Server (The Brain):

• • This central unit stores the database of authorized ID codes and their specific access permissions (e.g., User 123 can enter the data center 24/7).
  • It receives the ID code from the reader, authenticates it, and decides whether to grant access.

1. Electronic Locking Mechanism:

   • If access is granted by the panel, a signal is sent to the electronic lock (like an electric strike, magnetic lock, or gate barrier) to momentarily unlock the access point.

Types of RFID in Access Control

• The type of RFID used determines the system’s security level and read range:

RFID is the standard for:

• Secure
• Reliable
• Contactless management of physical entry in modern businesses
• Schools
• Government buildings

HID iClass Cards & Credential Card